Bonsai Styles: The Basic Styles, Part II

Shakan (Slanting)

apanese bonsai artists have developed many intricate and detailed forms of bonsai, in which each element is positioned just so. This is evident in the shakan, or slanting, bonsai style.

As the name suggests, the trunk is slanted, usually at a moderately steep angle, mid-way between an upright and a cascade style. The slant will be anywhere from 30 degrees to as much as 75 degrees.

The lowest branch is made to point away from the direction of the trunk, lending a visual balance important to the bonsai artist.

Full-sized trees in nature acquire these characteristics as the result of early development in an environment where wind has a tendency to blow more in one direction than another. Another key factor is the amount of shade present above the young tree.

Contributing to the effect is gravity acting on a trunk weaker in one direction than another. The shape of the ground holding the tree and the location and amount of water also influence the outcome, though to a lesser degree.

All these factors can be emulated by the bonsai artist.

As with any bonsai training, it's best to start with a species or instance that is amenable to the style. Luckily for the bonsai artist, many trees will experience a natural slant to some degree. Bringing this out to a more pronounced state is simply a matter of training and patience.

The trunk, though slanted will be straight rather than curved. Of course, as with all bonsai artistry, within this apparently rigid classification there is much variation. Bonsai, though a disciplined art always finds room for the artist's individual interpretation.

Even so, care should be taken to keep the result in balance. Longer branches should be distributed away from the slant, shorter branches in the same direction. Longer roots should be encouraged away from the slant, again for balance.

Within the bonsai style there are several sub-types, such as dai-shakan and chu-shakan. Each sub-type refers to the direction in which the branches are trained relative to the angle of the trunk. In the chu-shakan bonsai style, for example, the branch is trained back toward the trunk. Dai-shakan, by contrast, spreads the branches away from the trunk.

Conifers, such as White Pine, make good 'modeling clay' for this bonsai style. In order to display them to best advantage, they should be planted in the center of a rectangular pot.

For more bonsai styles, continue on with Basic Bonsai Styles, Part III.

 

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Basic Bonsai Styles, Part I
Basic Bonsai Styles, Part II
Basic Bonsai Styles, Part III
Advanced Bonsai Styles
Unusual Bonsai Styles

Bonsai gardening is the art or hobby of developing and growing trees or shrubs that are dwarfed by pruning the roots and branches, and are grown in a pot or other container. Through pruning and shaping the plants are trained to produce a desired shape or effect usually to mimic nature in miniture.